31 » Cost by Nature

Supplementary information on the expenses by nature is detailed below.

Cost of materials represents the amount of inventories recognized as an expense during the period.

Depreciation of tangible and right-of-use assets, amortization of intangible assets, and impairment losses and reversals of impairment losses on those assets are primarily included within other operating expenses unless they are directly attributable to the production costs, in which case the expenses are included within the cost of sales. Impairment losses on goodwill are presented as a separate line item in the consolidated income statement.

Personnel expenses are primarily included within other operating expenses unless they are directly attributable to the production costs, in which case the expenses are included within the cost of sales.

Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets exclude short-term leases of low-value assets.

Further information on expenses by function is provided in these Notes. SEE NOTE 30