Annual Report 2022

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32 » Cost by Nature

Supplementary information on the expenses by nature is detailed below.

Cost of materials represents the amount of inventories recognized as an expense during the period.

Depreciation of tangible and right-of-use assets, amortization of intangible assets, and impairment losses and reversals of impairment losses on those assets are primarily included within other operating expenses unless they are directly attributable to the production costs, in which case the expenses are included within the cost of sales. Impairment losses on goodwill are presented as a separate line item in the consolidated income statement.

Personnel expenses are primarily included within other operating expenses unless they are directly attributable to the production costs, in which case the expenses are included within the cost of sales.

Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets exclude short-term leases of low-value assets.

Expenses by nature € in millions

 

 

Year ending Dec. 31, 2022

 

Year ending Dec. 31, 2021

Cost of materials

 

11,798

 

10,421

Depreciation and amortization

 

1,220

 

1,141

Thereof: included within the cost of sales

 

51

 

79

Thereof: included within personnel expenses

 

10

 

11

Impairment losses

 

154

 

8

Reversals of impairment losses

 

(4)

 

(34)

Wages and salaries1

 

2,444

 

2,294

Social security contributions1

 

276

 

238

Pension expenses1

 

136

 

127

Personnel expenses1

 

2,856

 

2,659

Expense relating to short-term leases

 

14

 

11

Expense relating to leases of low-value assets

 

0

 

0

Expense relating to variable lease payments

 

118

 

140

1

Prior year adjusted to reflect adequate allocation of expenses.

Further information on expenses by function is provided in these Notes.  SEE NOTE 31